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THE CONCEPT OF CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND POWER


THE CONCEPT OF CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND POWER

 

         Current, Voltage and Power are the basic fundamentals of electricity. Any electrical or electronic device can function with electricity only. Power, Current and Voltage are interrelated to each other. In fact we can say that they all are the links of the same chain. So, let’s understand the concept of current, voltage and power one by one.

 

CURRENT

    The current can be simply defined as the flow charge through a conducting material. Any material is made up of atoms and atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged but neutrons are totally charge less, that means they are electrically neutral.

For understanding the concept of current, we will have to consider electrons first. Every electron has a charge on it. And that charge is measured in terms of Coulomb, generally denoted by C.

·         The charge on each electrons = 1.6x10^-19 coulomb

·         For 1 Coulomb of charge =4.28 x 10^18 electrons

When the charge flows through the material we can say that there is flow of current. Without any flow of charge there cannot be any current flow.

·         Current is measured in terms of Amperes.


Ampere can be simply defined as the ‘If the one coulomb of charge is passing through the conducting material in one second’ then it is called that the 1 Ampere of current is flowing through the material.

VOLTAGE 

       For the flow of charge there should be some external force or energy. Without this external energy there cannot be transfer or flow of charge in the circuit. Which means that for the flow of current there should be some external force. So, we can say that the Voltage is the energy required to move or transfer charge from one point to another point.Voltage is the driving force behind the flow of current in the circuit.

 

Higher the Voltage in the circuit then higher is the force to transfer the charges. For high voltage we require high potential difference between two terminals of the battery or supply.

That potential difference can be measured in volt. One volt can be defined as the when one Joule of energy is applied to transfer the charge of one Coulomb then we have 1 volt of potential difference.


POWER 

As compared to the concept of current and voltage, the concept of Power is very easy to understand. The Power can be defined as the ‘speed of using or consuming of energy in the system.’

Power can be simply understand as the amount of energy and the speed at which we use energy in our system.

Power can be measured in terms of Watt.

 

We can define Watt as ‘if 1 joule of energy is consumed in one second then we can say that 1 watt of power is used by the system.’

 

In electrical system we can express Power as,

 

Power = V x I

Power = Voltage x Current


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